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Principles of Cytogenetics

  •  Units 6
  •  Lessons 48
  •  No. of Downloads 1551
  •  Course Type Post Graduate
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Syllabus

Architecture of chromosome in prokaryotes and eukaryotes; Chromonemata, chromosome matrix, chromomeres, centromere, secondary constriction and telomere; Artificial chromosome construction and its uses; Special types of chromosomes.

Introduction to prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and chromosomes

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Introduction to prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and chromosomes

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Architecture of Prokaryotic chromosome

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Architecture of eukaryotic chromosome

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Architecture of eukaryotic chromosome contd

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Artificial chromosome construction and its uses

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Special types of chromosomes

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Syllabus

Chromosomal theory of inheritance – Cell Cycle and cell division – mitosis and meiosis; Differences, significance and deviations – Synapsis, structure and function of synaptonemal complex and spindle apparatus, anaphase movement of chromosomes and crossing over-mechanisms and theories of crossing over- recombination models, cytological basis, - Variation in chromosome structure: Evolutionary significance - Introduction to techniques for karyotyping; Chromosome banding and painting - in sit

Chromosomal theory on inheritance

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Cell cycle, stages and significance of Mitosis and meiosis

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Deviations of meiosis

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Synopsis, structure and function of synamptonemal complex

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Crossing over: Mechanisms and theories

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Recombination models and cytological basis of crossing over

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Variation in chromosome structure and evolutionary significance

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Introduction to chromosome karyotyping techniques

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Syllabus

Structural and Numerical variations of chromosomes and their implications - Symbols and terminologies for chromosome numbers - euploidy - haploids, diploids and polyploids ; Utilization of aneuploids in gene location - Variation in chromosome behaviour - somatic segregation and chimeras – endomitosis and somatic reduction ; Evolutionary significance of chromosomal aberrations - balanced lethals and chromosome complexes.

Numerical changes in chromosome number (Monosomic and Nullisomic)

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Numerical changes in chromosome number (Trisomic and Tetrasomic)

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Numerical changes in chromosome number (Monoploid & Haploid and Diploid)

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Numerical changes in chromosome number (Polyploidy : Autopolyploidy)

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Numerical changes in chromosome number (Polyploidy : Allopolyploidy and Segmental allopolyploidy)

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Structural changes in chromosome number (Deletion and Duplication)

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Structural changes in chromosome number (Inversion and Translocation)

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Utilization of aneuploidy in crop breeding

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Syllabus

Inter-varietal chromosome substitutions; Polyploidy and role of polyploids in crop breeding; Evolutionary advantages of autopolyploids vs allopolyploids –- Role of aneuploids in basic and applied aspects of crop breeding, their maintenance and utilization in gene mapping and gene blocks transfer – Alien addition and substitution lines – creation and utilization; Apomixis - Evolutionary and genetic problems in crops with apomixes.

Role of inter-varietal chromosome substitution and polyploidy in crop breeding

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Evolutionary advantages of autopolyploids and allopolyploids in crop breeding

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Role of aneuploids in crop breeding

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Role of Alien addition and substitution lines in crop breeding

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Role of Apomixis in plant breeding

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Syllabus

Reversion of autopolyploids to diploids; Genome mapping in polyploids - Interspecific hybridization and allopolyploids; Synthesis of new crops (wheat, triticale and brassica) – Hybrids between species with same chromosome number, alien translocations - Hybrids between species with different chromosome number; Gene transfer using amphidiploids - Bridge species.

Reversion of Autopolyploids to Diploids (Diplodization)

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Genome mapping: Genetic maps and Physical maps

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Genome mapping in polyploids

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Interspecific hybridization and allopolyploids

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Synthesis of new crops – Wheat and Triticale

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Synthesis of new crops-Brassica

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Hybrids between species with same chromosome number

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Hybrids between species with different chromosome number

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Alien Translocations

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Gene transfer using amphidiploids - Bridge species

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Syllabus

Fertilization barriers in crop plants at pre-and postfertilization levels- In vitro techniques to overcome the fertilization barriers in crops; Chromosome manipulations in wide hybridization ; case studies – Production and use of haploids, dihaploids and doubled haploids in genetics and breeding.

Pre-Fertilization barriers in crop plants

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Post-fertilization barriers in crop plants

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In vitro techniques to overcome the pre-fertilization barriers in crops

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In vitro techniques to overcome the post-fertilization barriers in crops

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Chromosome manipulations in wide hybridization

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Chromosome manipulations in wide hybridization : Case Studies

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Production of haploids in genetics and breeding

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Identification and use of haploids in genetics and breeding

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Production of doubled haploids in genetics and breeding

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Applications and use of doubled haploids in genetics and breeding

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