Bird anatomy, morphology and physiology, digestive, skeletal, respiratory and excretory systems of birds- Skeleton and feathers, beak and its types, skin and taxidermy

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Bird ecology and behavior- Thermoregulation in birds; migration and its types- Causes of migration- Territorial behavior and feeding behavior- Bird nests and its types- Eggs and egg laying.

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Importance of birds to different ecosystems-Birds and man- Bird watching- Water birds, scavenger birds, frugivorous birds, pest birds, pet birds and pollinator birds

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Bird conservation and management in India- Wetland legislations-Important Bird areas of India- Red Data Book & birds of India

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Types of wetlands- Wetland conservation-Wetland management plan- - Ramsar sites of India.

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Classification of Indian birds- Birds belonging to the Orders Podicipediformes, Procellariformes, Pelicaniformes and Ciconiformes, Phoenicopteriformes, Anseriformes, and Falconiformes,

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Galliformes, Gruiformes, Caradriformes and Columbiformes, Psittaciformes, Cuculiformes, Strigiformes and Caprimulgiformes, Apodiformes, Trogoniformes and Coraciformes, Upupiformes, Piciformes and Passeriformes

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Origin of reptiles and amphibians-Salient features of the reptiles and amphibians- Importance of reptiles and amphibians in an ecosystem- Important families and orders related to frogs, toads, salamanders, newts and caecilians

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Important families and orders related to snakes, lizards, turtles, terrapins, tortoise and crocodilians

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